Ohio Assessment for Educators (OAE) Integrated Science (024) Practice Exam

Convergent evolution can best be described as:

1. The process by which different species independently evolve similar traits

2. The process by which two species become more different from a shared ancestor

3. The adaptation of species to different environmental conditions

4. The generation of a new species through reproductive isolation

The correct answer is: The process by which different species independently evolve similar traits

Convergent evolution is accurately described as the process by which different species independently evolve similar traits. This phenomenon occurs when species from different evolutionary backgrounds adapt to similar environmental challenges or ecological niches, leading to the development of analogous structures or functions. For instance, the wings of bats and the wings of birds are not derived from a common ancestor that had wings; rather, they evolved independently in response to the need for flight. This illustrates how different species can reach similar solutions to survival challenges despite their distinct evolutionary histories. Understanding convergent evolution is crucial in evolutionary biology as it highlights how natural selection can drive similar adaptations in separate lineages facing alike environmental pressures, thereby shaping diverse forms of life.