What is the function of transformers in electrical circuits?

Transformers play a crucial role in electrical circuits by increasing or decreasing voltage levels. They operate based on the principle of electromagnetic induction, where alternating current in the primary coil creates a magnetic field that induces a voltage in the secondary coil. This allows for the adjustment of voltage levels suitable for various applications. For example, in power distribution systems, high-voltage transmission lines are stepped down to lower voltages for safe residential use, and vice versa for efficient long-distance travel of electrical energy.

The other options refer to functions that transformers do not perform. Converting mechanical energy to electrical energy is typically the role of generators, while converting electrical energy to thermal energy pertains to resistive heating elements. The conversion of direct current to alternating current is performed by inverters, not transformers. Therefore, the primary function of transformers in circuits aligns with their ability to manage voltage levels effectively.