Ohio Assessment for Educators (OAE) Integrated Science (024) Practice Exam

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What is the primary function of a control group in scientific experimentation?

To receive the experimental treatment
To serve as a baseline for comparison
To test different variables
To ensure the experiment is randomized

The correct answer is: To serve as a baseline for comparison

The primary function of a control group in scientific experimentation is to serve as a baseline for comparison. This group is not exposed to the experimental treatment or manipulation, allowing researchers to observe what happens under normal conditions. By comparing the outcomes of the experimental group, which receives the treatment, to the control group, scientists can determine the effects of the treatment. The control group essentially isolates the effect of the independent variable, helping to identify whether any observed changes are truly due to the treatment or are the result of other factors. In the context of scientific methodology, a well-defined control group is crucial for validating the results of an experiment. It ensures that any differences observed are specifically linked to the experimental treatment rather than extraneous variables. This comparison underscores the significance of having a control group in experimental design, as it strengthens the reliability of the conclusions drawn from the study.