What method did Maurice Wilkins use to study the molecular structure of DNA?

Maurice Wilkins used X-ray crystallography to study the molecular structure of DNA, which was a pivotal technique in understanding its structure. X-ray crystallography involves directing X-rays at a crystallized sample of the substance being studied. When the X-rays hit the crystals, they scatter in patterns that can be analyzed to determine the density of electrons within the crystal, allowing scientists to infer details about the arrangement of atoms in the molecule.

Wilkins' work, particularly in collaboration with Rosalind Franklin, provided critical insights that led to the elucidation of the double-helix structure of DNA. The X-ray diffraction images that Wilkins and Franklin obtained revealed important features of DNA, such as its helical structure and the dimensions of the helix, ultimately contributing to the model proposed by Watson and Crick.

Other methods mentioned, such as electron microscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance, and mass spectrometry, are useful for various types of molecular analysis but were not employed by Wilkins in the context of studying DNA's molecular structure.