Ohio Assessment for Educators (OAE) Integrated Science (024) Practice Exam

What role do environmental factors play in mutations?

1. They prevent mutations

2. They induce changes in DNA

3. They preserve genetic sequences

4. They enhance phenotypic traits

The correct answer is: They induce changes in DNA

Environmental factors play a significant role in inducing changes in DNA, which can lead to mutations. This can occur through various mechanisms, such as exposure to radiation, chemicals, or even biological agents. For example, ultraviolet (UV) light from the sun can cause thymine bases in DNA to bond incorrectly, resulting in mutations. Similarly, certain chemicals, like those found in tobacco smoke, can interact with DNA and alter its structure. These induced changes can have various consequences, ranging from harmless to potentially harmful, and they contribute to genetic diversity within populations. Understanding the influence of environmental factors is essential in fields like genetics, ecology, and evolutionary biology, as it highlights how organisms can adapt to changing environments through mutations.