Which concept describes when unrelated species evolve similar traits due to similar environmental pressures?

The concept that describes when unrelated species evolve similar traits due to similar environmental pressures is known as convergent evolution. This process occurs when species from different evolutionary backgrounds adapt to similar environments, leading to the development of analogous traits that serve similar functions despite their different lineages. For example, the wings of bats and the wings of birds are structurally different and arose from different ancestors, yet both evolved to serve the function of flight due to similar environmental challenges.

Convergent evolution exemplifies how natural selection can shape the characteristics of organisms in similar ways when they face the same ecological niches or challenges, even if their evolutionary histories are distinct. This highlights the adaptability of life in response to environmental pressures, illustrating the dynamic relationship between organisms and their habitats.