Which concept explains how systems naturally return to a state of equilibrium?

The concept that explains how systems naturally return to a state of equilibrium is negative feedback. In a negative feedback system, a change in a certain direction triggers mechanisms that counteract that change, promoting stability and balance within the system. For example, in biological systems, when body temperature rises, processes are activated to lower it back to a set point, helping to maintain homeostasis.

Negative feedback is essential in many natural systems, as it helps maintain balance following disturbances. It contrasts with positive feedback, which amplifies changes and can lead to instability or extreme outcomes rather than equilibrium. Therefore, negative feedback is crucial in understanding how various systems, including ecological, physiological, and engineering systems, operate and maintain a state of equilibrium.