Ohio Assessment for Educators (OAE) Integrated Science (024) Practice Exam

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Which of the following best describes a metallic bond?

  1. A bond formed through electron sharing

  2. A bond involving the pooling of electrons among metal atoms

  3. A bond that transfers electrons

  4. A bond formed between hydrogen and oxygen

The correct answer is: A bond involving the pooling of electrons among metal atoms

A metallic bond is characterized by the pooling of electrons among metal atoms. In metallic bonding, the outer electrons of metal atoms are not associated with any specific atom; instead, they form a "sea of electrons" that are free to move around. This delocalization of electrons allows the metal to conduct electricity and heat, giving metals their characteristic properties such as malleability, ductility, and luster. In contrast, a bond formed through electron sharing typically describes a covalent bond, where two atoms share pairs of electrons to achieve full outer shells. A bond that transfers electrons describes an ionic bond, where one atom donates electrons to another, resulting in charged ions. Lastly, a bond formed specifically between hydrogen and oxygen does not uniquely describe metallic bonding but is more relevant in the context of covalent bonding, as seen in water (H₂O) where those elements share electrons. Therefore, the defining feature of metallic bonds is their unique electron pooling among multiple metal atoms.