Ohio Assessment for Educators (OAE) Integrated Science (024) Practice Exam

Which of the following is a consequence of random mutation?

1. Permanent extinction of a species

2. Stabilization of specific traits

3. Diversity in gene pool

4. Homogeneity of populations

The correct answer is: Diversity in gene pool

Random mutations are spontaneous changes in the genetic material of an organism. These mutations contribute to genetic variation within a population by introducing new alleles into the gene pool. This diversity is essential for evolution, as it provides the raw material upon which natural selection can act. The more diverse a gene pool is, the more adaptable a population may be to changes in the environment, diseases, and other evolutionary pressures. This concept underscores the importance of genetic diversity in promoting resilience and adaptability in species. By allowing for a range of traits within a population, random mutations can enable some individuals to survive and reproduce in changing environments, ultimately driving evolutionary processes. In contrast, other options reflect outcomes not directly resulting from random mutations. The permanent extinction of a species typically arises from factors like habitat loss or environmental changes rather than mutations alone. Stabilization of specific traits refers to stabilizing selection, which is an evolutionary process distinct from random mutations. Lastly, homogeneity of populations indicates a lack of genetic diversity, which would be detrimental and counterproductive to the effects of random mutation.