Ohio Assessment for Educators (OAE) Integrated Science (024) Practice Exam

Which scientist is recognized for greatly advancing the field of paleontology?

1. Alfred Wallace

2. Georges Cuvier

3. Stanley Miller

4. Ernest Rutherford

The correct answer is: Georges Cuvier

Georges Cuvier is recognized for significantly advancing the field of paleontology through his pioneering work in comparative anatomy and his revolutionary concept of extinction. He introduced the idea that species could go extinct, which was a radical notion at the time and laid the groundwork for the study of fossils and the history of life on Earth. Cuvier's meticulous work in classifying fossil remains and establishing a systematic approach contributed to understanding the relationship between extinct and living organisms. His methods included analyzing the anatomical structure of bones and determining the functions of various body parts, which helped in reconstructing the appearance and life habits of animals that existed long ago. Cuvier's emphasis on the importance of fossil evidence in understanding biological history established him as a foundational figure in paleontology.